Jabal Samhan Nature Reserve protects Dhofar’s rich biodiversity

Salalah: Jabal Samhan Nature Reserve is one of the most important protected areas in Dhofar Governorate, preserving a vast and diverse ecosystem that is home to rare wildlife, birds, marine species and distinctive native vegetation.

Established under Royal Decree No. 48/97, the reserve covers approximately 4,500 square kilometres, extending across parts of the wilayats of Mirbat, Sadah and Shalim, in addition to the Hallaniyat Islands.

The reserve’s rugged mountain terrain, valleys, cliffs and surrounding coastal environment create a variety of habitats that support numerous species. Among the notable mammals found in the area are the Arabian leopard, Arabian wolf, striped hyena, Arabian gazelle, Nubian ibex, red fox, rock hyrax and honey badger.

The Arabian leopard is particularly significant to conservation efforts, as the species is critically endangered and Jabal Samhan represents one of its important remaining habitats in the region. Protecting the mountain ecosystem is therefore essential to maintaining suitable conditions for threatened wildlife.

The reserve’s biodiversity extends beyond its mountains. Its coastal and marine ecosystems provide habitat for dolphins, sea turtles and other marine organisms, linking the terrestrial and marine environments of Dhofar.

Jabal Samhan is also an important area for birdlife. Species highlighted in the reserve include the black stork, eastern imperial eagle, Arabian bustard, little owl, osprey and houbara bustard, reflecting the area’s importance for resident and migratory birds. The vegetation of the reserve adds another distinctive dimension to its landscape. Baobab trees, Arabian fig, Arabian olive, frankincense trees and other local plants thrive in different parts of the reserve. These species are closely associated with Dhofar’s unique mountain environment and contribute to the ecological balance of the region.

The reserve also has growing importance for nature-based tourism, environmental education and scientific research. Its dramatic cliffs, mountain landscapes and diverse wildlife offer opportunities to promote responsible tourism while maintaining the protection of sensitive habitats.

The Environment Authority’s conservation efforts in Jabal Samhan form part of Oman’s broader commitment to protecting biodiversity and safeguarding natural ecosystems. By preserving habitats and native species, the reserve contributes to the long-term protection of Dhofar’s environmental heritage.

With its combination of spectacular landscapes, rare wildlife, rich birdlife and distinctive flora, Jabal Samhan remains a vital natural treasure of Dhofar and one of Oman’s most significant protected areas.